Psyllium - Scientific Review on Usage, Dosage, Side Effects. Sources and Composition. Sources. Psyllium is the common name for products derived from the plant Plantago ovata. Psyllium currently as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the US, and is commonly used in clinical settings for the purpose of bulk laxation (laxative effects secondary to fecal forming properties); a distinct laxative effect from more commonly used defecation- inducing compounds such as Senna Alexandrina or Polyethylene glycol (PEG), psyllium is known to be 'gentler' of a laxative and to facilitate passing of softer and sleeker stool. The plant known as plantago ovata and the fiber component from it, known as psyllium, are commonly and effectively used to promote defecation secondary to increasing fecal moisture, size, and ease of passage. Composition. Psyllium fiber can be fractionated into three components: A highly (greater than 8. Appetite. It is sometimes stated that the absorption of water in the intestines associated with psyllium may cause an appetite suppressing effect. Absorption. Some studies (animal models) have noted increased fecal fat content associated with psyllium relative to control, indicative of inhibiting lipid absorption. Triglycerides. At least in guinea pigs, increasing vitamin C content in the diet from normal (0. Cholesterol and Lipoproteins. As psyllium husk is able to bind to bile acids in the intestines and promote their excretion (via defecation), the efflux of bile acids from the liver is met with an induction in m. RNA content of heptic cholesterol 7. R- hydroxylase, the rate controlling enzyme in bile acid synthesis. As bile acids are required in the liver, the creation of them in order to replace what is lost goes up, and cholesterol is reduced as cholesterol is used as substrate to synthesize bile acids. In studies assessing HDL- C in animals, psyllium appears to fully normalize the reduction in HDL- C seen with a high fat diet. Blood Pressure. An 8 week study with four groups (low or high protein paired with low or high fiber; psyllium at 1. Absorption. Consumption of psyllium (3. Psyllium has not been associated with increased fecal content of glucose (indicative of preventing absorption of glucose)4. ![]() ![]() Blood glucose. In diabetic mice fed 3. It may be useful to be taken alongside other supplements or drugs for persons with diabetes as the potency of psyllium does not appear to be of the level where it alone can provide sufficient help but has a large enough safety profile that drug- drug interactions are not a large concern. Serum Biomarkers. Hb. A1c dependent on treatment (3. Mechanisms. When a mixed meal is consumed with additional psyllium husk, there does not appear to be any significant differences in after- meal thermogenesis between psyllium and control. Interventions. In human interventions, there has been no significant effect of 5g of psyllium taken thrice a day for 6 weeks on the body weight of diabetics independent of changes in diet. Mechanisms. When assessing the skeletal muscle following consumption of dietary psyllium, an increase in GLUT4 protein content in the plasma membrane of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ![]() ![]() An increase in GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle may underlie reductions of blood glucose seen with psyllium supplementation, as carbohydrate malabsorption does not appear to be present following consumption of psyllium (suggesting peripheral effects). Preliminary research at the moment. One study using rats fed a high fat diet or a high fat diet with psyllium (5% of diet) noted that the reduction in genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (in skeletal muscle) associated with a high fat diet was attenuated, manifesting as a relative increase. Microflora. In regards to the three possible 'fragments' of psyllium, the gel forming fragment (5. ![]() This allows a retention of gel- forming abilities in the colon and subsequently increases fecal roughage, but this fermentability results in less short chain fatty acid production (which are one of a few mechanisms linking systemic health effects to colonic bacteria)Despite the aforementioned poor fermentability, some degree of short chain fatty acids (specifically, butyrate) have been found in the feces of subjects consuming 1. Intestinal peptides. Psyllium husk given alongside test meals (2. PYY with a suppression in GLP- 1 release rate. Fecal constitution. Similar to other soluble fibers, psyllium husk is able to normalize an excessive intestinal stool passing time (frequency greater than once a day and overall transit time less than 3 days) to a fairly normal one (frequency of approximately once a day, transit time greater than 3 days; this study used bran. Psyllium can have a slight prolaxatative effect in instances of constipation (nowhere near the potency of laxative compounds such as caffeine or Senna alexandrina) while having anti- motility actions in periods of excessive defecation. Stool tends to be softer when passed when psyllium is in the diet. Numerous studies comparing psyllium to control animals have noted a quantitative increase in fecal weight and moisture content independent of changes in food intake, due mostly to increased water resorption in the colon. Gas production (Flatulence)Fiber in general promotes flatulence independent of health state. One study, which has not yet been replicated, has empirically measured less flatulence following a single dose of psyllium husk. It was thought that this was related to the feces absorbing gas and it being excreted independently of farting. ![]() ![]() Nutrient absorption. One small (n=4) study using 2. Mineral absorption. Dietary fiber in general (although bran and psyllium mostly of concern) appear to be able to directly bind to dietary minerals, with psyllium being more effective in this binding than pectin and cellulose ex vivo (reaching 6. H 6. 8 and 1mg/m. L psyllium with 1mcg/m. L iron) in conditions to mimic the intestines. This inhibition is markedly less than that seen with wheat bran fiber, but more than that seen with pectin (pectin, overall, is fairly inactive)In regards to dietary minerals, one study in children (high cholesterol) with supplemental psyllium husk did not note any significant variations in circulating serum minerals (iron, zinc, and calcium) following 6g of psyllium husk daily for 4- 5 weeks. A limitation of these studies is assessing serum iron (a marker of chronic iron stores, a transferritin reading would reflect more transient fluctuations in iron)It has been noted ex vivo that the p. H of solution containing psyllium (prior to fermentation and then allowed the limited fermentation to occur) is subsequently reduced (6. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. In persons undergoing remission for ulcerative colitis, it appears that supplementation of psyllium husk seeds at 1. ![]() Stomach. Consumption of psyllium (1. Vitamin CWhen psyllium (1. Vitamin C (0. 5%) rather than normal vitamin C content (0. Psyllium (usually as husk or powder). Should You Consume Psyllium Husk For Fat Loss Raghav Pande is an India based Fitness. Psyllium Seed Husk For Weight Loss and Colon Cleansing. Amylose. Coingestion of psyllium alongside cornstarch (source of amylose) appears to delay the rate of amylose fermentation and subsequently more fermentation is undergone in the distal colon rather than the cecum, causing a relative increase in the production of butyrate production from amylose consumed with psyllium relative to amylose alone. General. In human interventions with psyllium, treatment with doses around 5- 1. Allergy and Asthma. Some reports exist of psyllium dust (from dropping the powder and having it disperse into the air) triggering asthmatic symptoms sometimes of fatal magntiude in persons with a history of severe asthma. Comparatively less frequent, but allergic reaction from oral psyllium supplements has also been reported. ![]() Weight loss; Diabetes. Because psyllium absorbs liquid in your body. Psyllium is most commonly consumed in powder or wafer. Use Psyllium Husk for Weight Loss. Psyllium Husk is a natural way to increase fiber and control hunger. If you are not used to drinking psyllium husk powder. Using Psyllium for Weight Loss & Psyllium for Diarrhea are two of the benefits of Psyllium husks. Psyllium Husk Benefits. Psyllium Husk for Weight Loss. Isabgol powder or capsules are available in market which. Weight Loss The husk of psyllium is mainly made up of mucilage or. ![]()
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